"Table 6.12 Deaths from poisoning, by sex and cause, Scotland, 2007",,, ,,, ,,, "ICD code(s), cause of death and substance(s)",Both,Males,Females ,,, ,,, ALL DEATHS FROM POISONING,693,532,161 ,,, ACCIDENTS,63,59,4 X40 - X49 Accidental poisoning by and exposure to noxious substances,,, " X40 - Nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics",,, Paracetamol,2,2,- " X41 - Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and ",,, " psychotropic drugs, not elsewhere classified",,, Amphetamine,1,1,- "Amphetamine, Alcohol",1,1,- Clozapine,1,1,- "Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- "Venlafaxine, Methadone",1,-,1 Zuclopenthixol,1,1,- " X42 - Narcotics and psychodysleptics [hallucinogens], not elsewhere classified",,, "Cannabis, Alcohol",1,1,- "Cocaine, Lignocaine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Dihydrocodeine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- Ecstasy,1,1,- "Ecstasy, Alcohol",1,1,- Heroin,4,4,- "Heroin, Alcohol",3,2,1 "Heroin, Diazepam",1,1,- "Heroin, Methadone, Morphine, Codeine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- MDMA,1,1,- "MDMA, Alcohol",1,1,- "MDMA, Cannabis",1,1,- "MDMA, Dihydrocodeine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- Methadone,3,3,- "Methadone, Alcohol",1,1,- "Methadone, Diazepam",2,2,- "Methadone, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- "Methadone, Diazepam, Morphine",1,1,- Morphine,1,1,- "Morphine, Alcohol",3,3,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Diazepam, Olanzapine",1,1,- "Morphine, Diazepam",4,3,1 "Morphine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- "Morphine, Heroin, Methadone, Diazepam",1,1,- X49 - Other and unspecified chemicals and noxious substances,,, Asbestos,15,14,1 Mushroom,1,1,- Phosphine,1,1,- Zinc,1,1,- Table 6.12 (continued) ,,, ,,, ,,, "ICD code(s), cause of death and substance(s)",both,men,women ,,, ,,, INTENTIONAL SELF-HARM,117,67,50 X60 -X69 Intentional self-poisoning by and exposure to,,, " X60 - Nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics",,, Nefopam,1,1,- Paracetamol,8,4,4 "Paracetamol, Alcohol",1,1,- Tramadol,2,1,1 "Tramadol, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Tramadol, Citalopram",1,-,1 ,,, " X61 - Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and ",,, " psychotropic drugs, not elsewhere classified",,, Amitriptyline,4,1,3 "Amitriptyline, Alcohol",1,1,- "Amitriptyline, Dihydrocodeine",1,-,1 "Amitriptyline, Fluoxetine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Amitriptyline, Methadone, Diazepam",1,-,1 "Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Codeine, Morphine",1,-,1 "Amitriptyline, Olanzapine",1,1,- "Amitriptyline, Tramadol",1,1,- Carbamazepine,1,1,- Chlormethiazole,1,1,- "Chlorpromazine, Promethazine",1,-,1 Citalopram,1,-,1 "Citalopram, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Citalopram, Co-proxamol, Mirtazapine",1,-,1 "Citalopram, Dihydrocodeine",1,1,- "Citalopram, Propranolol",1,-,1 "Citalopram, Trazodone",1,1,- Clomipramine,1,-,1 Clozapine,1,1,- Dothiepin,2,2,- "Dothiepin, Diazepam, Temazepam",1,-,1 Epilim,1,1,- "Fluoxetine, Alcohol",2,1,1 "Fluoxetine, Tramadol, Insulin",1,-,1 Levomepromazine,1,-,1 Trazodone,1,-,1 "Trimipramine, Tramadol, Diazepam, Chlorpheniramine, Alcohol",1,-,1 Zopiclone,1,-,1 "Zopiclone, Carbamazepine, Co-codamol",1,1,- "Zopiclone, Co-codamol",1,-,1 "Zopiclone, Tramadol",1,-,1 " X62 - Narcotics and psychodysleptics [hallucinogens], not elsewhere classified",,, Co-codamol,1,-,1 "Co-codamol, Amitriptyline",1,-,1 "Co-codamol, Olanzapine, Valproate",1,-,1 Co-proxamol,2,1,1 Table 6.12 (continued) ,,, ,,, ,,, "ICD code(s), cause of death and substance(s)",both,men,women ,,, ,,, "Codeine, Morphine, Heroin, Alcohol",1,1,- Dihydrocodeine,5,4,1 "Dihydrocodeine, Alcohol",2,1,1 "Dihydrocodeine, Citalopram",1,-,1 "Dihydrocodeine, Paracetamol, Codeine, Tramadol",1,-,1 "Dihydrocodeine, Venlafaxine, Paracetamol",1,-,1 "Heroin, Codeine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Heroin, Morphine, Codeine, Paroxetine",1,1,- "Methadone, Diazepam, Temazepam, Oxazepam",1,1,- Morphine,4,4,- "Morphine, Codeine, Heroin, Diazepam, Chlorpromazine, Sertraline, Trazodone, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Morphine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- Oxycodone,1,-,1 Oxycontin,1,-,1 "Propoxyphene, Alcohol",1,1,- "Propoxyphene, Paracetamol, Codeine",1,1,- "Propoxyphene, Venlafaxine, Valproic acid, Olanzapine",1,-,1 X63 - Other drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system,,, "Procyclidine, Amisulpiride",1,1,- Propranolol,3,2,1 "Propranolol, Cocaine, Diazepam",1,1,- " X64 - Other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances",,, "Atracurium, Propofol",1,1,- Chloroquine,1,-,1 "Diltiazem, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Flecainide, Fluoxetine",1,1,- Helium,3,2,1 Insulin,3,1,2 Unspecified drug,7,4,3 "Verapamil, Sertraline",1,1,- ,,, X67 - Other gases and vapours,,, Carbon monoxide,12,12,- "Carbon monoxide, Alcohol",1,1,- X68 - Pesticides,,, Paraquat,1,1,- EVENTS OF UNDETERMINED INTENT,179,118,61 Y10 - Y19 Poisoning by and exposure to,,, " Y10 - Nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics and antirheumatics",,, Paracetamol,15,5,10 "Paracetamol, Alcohol",3,2,1 Tramadol,3,1,2 "Tramadol, Alcohol",2,1,1 "Tramadol, Benzodiazepine, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Tramadol, Dihydrocodeine",1,-,1 Table 6.12 (continued) ,,, ,,, ,,, "ICD code(s), cause of death and substance(s)",both,men,women ,,, ,,, "Tramadol, Venlafaxine, Amitriptyline",1,-,1 " Y11 - Antiepileptic, sedative-hypnotic, antiparkinsonism and ",,, " psychotropic drugs, not elsewhere classified",,, "Amisulpiride, Propranolol",1,1,- Amitriptyline,2,1,1 "Amitriptyline, Paracetamol",1,-,1 Amphetamine,3,3,- Antidepressant,1,-,1 Benzodiazepine,1,1,- Carbamazepine,2,1,1 "Carbamazepine, Alcohol",1,1,- Chlorpromazine,1,-,1 Citalopram,2,-,2 "Citalopram, Benzodiazepine, Opiate",1,1,- "Citalopram, Dihydrocodeine",1,-,1 "Citalopram, Mirtazapine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Citalopram, Tramadol",1,-,1 Clomipramine,2,1,1 "Clomipramine, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Clomipramine, Chlorpromazine",1,-,1, Clozapine,1,1,-, "Clozapine, Dihydrocodeine, Paracetamol",1,1,-, "Diazepam, Alcohol",2,2,-, "Diazepam, Methadone",1,1,-, "Diazepam, Methadone, Alcohol",1,-,1, "Diazepam, Morphine, Dihydrocodeine, Alcohol",1,1,-, "Dothiepin, Dihydrocodeine",1,-,1, "Dothiepin, Paracetamol",1,-,1, "Dothiepin, Tramadol",1,-,1, "Fluoxetine, Alcohol",2,2,-, Gamma hydroxybutyrate,1,1,-, Lithium,1,1,-, Mirtazapine,2,1,1, ,,,, "Mirtazapine, Temazepam, Fluoxetine, Alcohol",1,1,-, "Mirtazapine, Tramadol",1,1,-, Olanzapine,1,1,-, "Olanzapine, Valproic acid",1,1,-, "Promethazine, Codeine",1,1,-, "Sulpiride, Amitriptyline",1,-,1, Valproic acid,1,1,-, Venlafaxine,2,-,2, ,,,, " Y12 - Narcotics and psychodysleptics [hallucinogens], not elsewhere classified",,,, Co-codamol,4,1,3, Co-dydramol,1,1,-, "Co-proxamol, Alcohol",1,1,-, Cocaine,1,-,1, ,,,, Table 6.12 (continued) ,,,, ,,,, "ICD code(s), cause of death and substance(s)",both,men,women ,,, ,,, Codeine,1,1,- "Codeine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Codeine, Fluoxetine, Diphenhydramine, Paracetamol",1,-,1 "Codeine, Paracetamol",1,-,1 "Codeine, Paracetamol, Fluoxetine",1,1,- Dihydrocodeine,3,3,- "Dihydrocodeine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Dihydrocodeine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Dihydrocodeine, Dothiepin, Tramadol, Chlorpromazine",1,-,1 "Dihydrocodeine, Morphine, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Dihydrocodeine, Paracetamol, Co-codamol",1,1,- "Dihydrocodeine, Temazepam",1,1,- Heroin,11,11,- "Heroin, Alcohol",8,8,- "Heroin, Cocaine",2,2,- "Heroin, Cocaine, Alcohol",2,2,- "Heroin, Fluoxetine",1,-,1 "Heroin, Methadone, Alcohol",1,-,1 "Heroin, Tramadol",1,1,- Methadone,7,5,2 "Methadone, Alcohol",2,2,- "Methadone, Amitriptyline, Dihydrocodeine",1,-,1 "Methadone, Citalopram, Diphenhydramine",1,1,- "Methadone, Citalopram, Quetiapine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Methadone, Dihydrocodeine",2,2,- "Methadone, Heroin, Cocaine",1,1,- "Methadone, Olanzapine",1,1,- Morphine,4,3,1 "Morphine, Alcohol",4,4,- "Morphine, Citalopram",1,1,- "Morphine, Cocaine",2,1,1 "Morphine, Codeine, Paracetamol",1,-,1 "Morphine, Diazepam, Amitriptyline",1,-,1 "Morphine, Tramadol",1,1,- "Narcotic, Cocaine",1,1,- Opiate,2,2,- "Opiate, Alcohol",1,1,- "Opiate, Benzodiazepine",2,2,- Y13 - Other drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system,,, Propranolol,2,2,- ,,, " Y14 - Other and unspecified drugs, medicaments and biological substances",,, Amiodarone,1,1,- Insulin,1,1,- Ketamine,1,1,- Unspecified drug,7,3,4 "Unspecified drug, Alcohol",2,2,- Verapamil,1,1,- Table 6.12 (continued) ,,, ,,, "ICD code(s), cause of death and substance(s)",both,men,women ,,, ,,, Y16 - Organic solvents and halogenated hydrocarbons and their vapours,,, Volatile hydrocarbon,1,1,- Y17 - Other gases and vapours,,, Butane,3,2,1 "Butane, Propane",1,1,- Carbon monoxide,2,2,- ,,, MENTAL DISORDERS,310,276,34 F11 - F19 Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use,,, ,,, F11 - Opioids,,, "Buprenorphine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Diamorphine, Benzodiazepine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Diamorphine, Methadone",1,1,- "Dihydrocodeine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Dihydrocodeine, Methadone",1,1,- Heroin,55,50,5 "Heroin, Alcohol",43,41,2 "Heroin, Cocaine",3,3,- "Heroin, Cocaine, Alcohol",2,2,- "Heroin, Cocaine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Heroin, Cocaine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- "Heroin, Diazepam",2,2,- "Heroin, Diazepam, Alcohol",4,4,- "Heroin, Diazepam, Cocaine",1,1,- "Heroin, Dihydrocodeine",3,3,- "Heroin, Dihydrocodeine, Benzodiazepine",1,1,- "Heroin, Methadone",12,12,- "Heroin, Methadone, Alcohol",4,4,- "Heroin, Morphine",2,2,- "Heroin, Morphine, Alcohol",2,2,- "Heroin, Morphine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- "Heroin, Morphine, Diazepam, Cannabis",1,1,- Methadone,19,15,4 "Methadone, Alcohol",9,6,3 "Methadone, Benzodiazepine",1,1,- "Methadone, Cannabis, Diazepam, Risperidone",1,1,- "Methadone, Citalopram",1,-,1 "Methadone, Cocaine, Diazepam",1,-,1 "Methadone, Desmethyldiazepam, Diazepam, Dothiepin, Tramadol, Olanzapine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Methadone, Diazepam, Alcohol",3,3,- "Methadone, Diazepam, Citalopram, Alcohol",1,1,- "Methadone, Dihydrocodeine",2,1,1 "Methadone, Heroin",3,2,1 "Methadone, Morphine",1,1,- "Methadone, Morphine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Methadone, Olanzapine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Methadone, Tramadol",2,1,1 Morphine,2,1,1 "Morphine, Alcohol",4,4,- ,,, Table 6.12 (continued) ,,, ,,, ,,, "ICD code(s), cause of death and substance(s)",both,men,women ,,, "Morphine, Benzodiazepine, Diamorphine",1,1,- "Morphine, Benzodiazepine, Diamorphine, Dihydrocodeine",1,1,- "Morphine, Benzodiazepine, Diamorphine, Dihydrocodeine, Alcohol",2,2,- "Morphine, Citalopram",1,-,1 "Morphine, Cocaine, Diamorphine, Benzodiazepine",1,1,- "Morphine, Codeine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Morphine, Codeine, Diazepam, Alcohol",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Alcohol",2,1,1 "Morphine, Diamorphine, Benzodiazepine",2,1,1 "Morphine, Diamorphine, Benzodiazepine, Alcohol",4,4,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Benzodiazepine, Dihydrocodeine",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Cannabis, Alcohol",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Clozapine, Benzodiazepine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Cocaine",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Cocaine, Cannabis, Benzodiazepine",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Cocaine, Dihydrocodeine, Amphetamine, Cannabis",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Dihydrocodeine, Benzodiazepine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Dihydrocodeine, Cocaine, Benzodiazepine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Dihydrocodeine, Methadone, Benzodiazepine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, MDMA, Citalopram, Amphetamine, Cocaine, Benzodiazepine",1,-,1 "Morphine, Diamorphine, Methadone",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Methadone, Cocaine",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Methadone, Cocaine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Morphine, Diazepam",3,3,- "Morphine, Dihydrocodeine",1,1,- "Morphine, Dihydrocodeine, Alcohol",2,2,- "Morphine, Heroin",1,1,- "Morphine, Heroin, Alcohol",1,1,- "Morphine, Methadone, Diazepam",1,1,- Opiate,1,1,- F14 - Cocaine,,, Cocaine,3,3,- "Cocaine, Alcohol",2,2,- "Cocaine, Benzoylecgonine, Diazepam, Cyclizine, Dipipanone",1,1,- "Cocaine, Morphine, Diamorphine",1,1,- " F15 - Other stimulants, including caffeine",,, Amphetamine,1,-,1 "Amphetamine, Alcohol",1,1,- F18 - Volatile solvents,,, Butane,1,-,1 "Butane, Isobutane, Propane",2,1,1 "Butane, Unspecified drug",1,-,1 Unspecified solvent,1,1,- Table 6.12 (continued) ,,, ,,, ,,, "ICD code(s), cause of death and substance(s)",both,men,women ,,, ,,, F19 - Multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances,,, "Amitriptyline, Methadone",1,1,- "Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Methadone, Diazepam",1,-,1 "Amphetamine, Heroin",1,1,- "Buprenorphine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Butane, Methadone",1,1,- "Citalopram, Desmethyldiazepam, Cannabis, Methadone, Alcohol",1,1,- "Cocaine, Heroin, Ecstasy, Dihydrocodeine",1,-,1 "Diazepam, Cocaine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Diconal, Cyclizine, Dipipanone, Morphine, Benzodiazepine",1,-,1 "Dihydrocodeine, Diazepam, Cocaine, Morphine, Heroin, Alcohol",1,1,- ,,, "Ecstasy, Heroin, Cocaine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Ecstasy, Methadone",1,1,- "Heroin, Cocaine",4,4,- "Heroin, Cocaine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Heroin, Cocaine, Benzodiazepine",1,1,- "Heroin, Dihydrocodeine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Heroin, Ecstasy, Alcohol",1,1,- "Heroin, Methadone, Amitriptyline",1,-,1 "Lignocaine, Cocaine, Amphetamine",1,1,- "Methadone, Cocaine",1,1,- "Methadone, Diazepam, Dihydrocodeine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Methadone, Diazepam, Mirtazapine, Alcohol",1,1,- "Methadone, Diphenhydramine",1,-,1 "Methadone, Heroin, Amphetamine, Ecstasy",1,1,- "Methadone, Morphine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Morphine, Codeine, Amitriptyline",1,1,- "Morphine, Diamorphine, Codeine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Morphine, Diazepam",1,1,- "Morphine, Diazepam, Codeine",1,1,- "Morphine, Diazepam, Mirtazapine, Amitriptyline",1,1,- "Morphine, Heroin, Diazepam, Alcohol",2,2,- "Morphine, Steroid",1,1,- "Olanzapine, Heroin, Methadone",1,1,- Unspecified drug,20,19,1 "Unspecified drug, Alcohol",1,1,- "Unspecified drug, Lighter fuel",1,1,- ,,, COMPLICATIONS OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL CARE,24,12,12 "Y40 - Y59 Drugs, medicaments and biological substances ",,, causing adverse effects in therapeutic use,,, Y43 - Primarily systemic agents,,, Methotrexate,1,-,1 Y44 - Agents primarily affecting blood constituents,,, Anticoagulant,2,-,2 Antithrombotic drug,1,1,- Warfarin,9,5,4 Table 6.12 (continued) ,,, ,,, ,,, "ICD code(s), cause of death and substance(s)",both,men,women ,,, ,,, " Y45 - Analgesics, antipyretics and anti-inflammatory drugs",,, Aspirin,2,2,- "Aspirin, Etodolac",1,1,- "Aspirin, Ibuprofen",1,-,1 Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,1,-,1 " Y49 - Psychotropic drugs, not elsewhere classified",,, Neuroleptic drug,1,1,- Y54 - Agents primarily affecting water-balance and mineral and uric acid metabolism,,, Colchicine,1,1,- Diuretic,1,-,1 Y57 - Other and unspecified drugs and medicaments,,, Contrast medium dye,1,-,1 Unspecified drug,2,1,1 ,,, ,,, ,,, ,,, ,,,